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Compare French Guiana (2001) - Montenegro (2008)
Compare French Guiana (2001) z Montenegro (2008)
| French Guiana (2001) | Montenegro (2008) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (overseas department of France) | 21 municipalities (opstine, singular - opstina); Andrijevica, Bar, Berana, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Herceg Novi, Kolasin, Kotor, Mojkovac, Niksic, Plav, Pljevlja, Pluzine, Podgorica, Rozaje, Savnik, Tivat, Ulcinj, Zabljak |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
30.47% (male 27,669; female 26,428) 15-64 years: 64.05% (male 61,457; female 52,266) 65 years and over: 5.48% (male 4,937; female 4,805) (2001 est.) |
- |
| Agriculture - products | rice, manioc (tapioca), sugar, cocoa, vegetables, bananas; cattle, pigs, poultry | grains, tobacco, potatoes, citrus fruits, olives, grapes; sheepherding; commercial fishing negligible |
| Airports | 11 (2000 est.) | 5 (2007) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
4 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
7 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 5 (2000 est.) |
total: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2007) |
| Area | total:
91,000 sq km land: 89,150 sq km water: 1,850 sq km |
total: 14,026 sq km
land: 13,812 sq km water: 214 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Indiana | slightly smaller than Connecticut |
| Background | First settled by the French in 1604, French Guiana was the site of notorious penal settlements until 1951. The European Space Agency launches its communication satellites from Kourou. | The use of the name Montenegro began in the 15th century when the Crnojevic dynasty began to rule the Serbian principality of Zeta; over subsequent centuries Montenegro was able to maintain its independence from the Ottoman Empire. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro became a theocracy ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it was transformed into a secular principality. After World War I, Montenegro was absorbed by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929; at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, first as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, in a looser union of Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro invoked its right under the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro to hold a referendum on independence from the state union. The vote for severing ties with Serbia exceeded 55% - the threshold set by the EU - allowing Montenegro to formally declare its independence on 3 June 2006. |
| Birth rate | 22.02 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 11.18 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$225 million expenditures: $390 million, including capital expenditures of $105 million (1996) |
revenues: NA
expenditures: NA |
| Capital | Cayenne | name: Podgorica
geographic coordinates: 42 26 N, 19 16 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October |
| Climate | tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation | Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland |
| Coastline | 378 km | 293.5 km |
| Constitution | 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) | 19 October 2007 (was approved by the Assembly) |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Department of Guiana conventional short form: French Guiana local long form: none local short form: Guyane |
conventional long form: Republic of Montenegro
conventional short form: Montenegro local long form: Republika Crna Gora local short form: Crna Gora former: People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro |
| Currency | French franc (FRF); euro (EUR) | - |
| Death rate | 4.77 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 8.39 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Debt - external | $1.2 billion (1988) | $650 million (2006) |
| Dependency status | overseas department of France | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (overseas department of France) | chief of mission: Ambassador Roderick W. MOORE
embassy: Ljubljanska bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [382] 81 225 417 FAX: [382] 81 241 358 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (overseas department of France) | chief of mission: Ambassador Miodrag VLAHOVIC
chancery: 1610 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 234-6108 FAX: [1] (202) 234-6109 consulate(s) general: New York |
| Disputes - international | Suriname claims area between Riviere Litani and Riviere Marouini (both headwaters of the Lawa) | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | $NA |
| Economy - overview | The economy is tied closely to that of France through subsidies and imports. Besides the French space center at Kourou, fishing and forestry are the most important economic activities. The large reserves of tropical hardwoods, not fully exploited, support an expanding sawmill industry which provides sawn logs for export. Cultivation of crops is limited to the coastal area, where the population is largely concentrated; rice and manioc are the major crops. French Guiana is heavily dependent on imports of food and energy. Unemployment is a serious problem, particularly among younger workers. | The republic of Montenegro severed its economy from federal control and from Serbia during the MILOSEVIC era and maintained its own central bank, used the euro instead of the Yugoslav dinar as official currency, collected customs tariffs, and managed its own budget. The dissolution of the loose political union between Serbia and Montenegro in 2006 led to separate membership in several international financial institutions, such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. On 18 January 2007, Montenegro joined the World Bank and IMF. Montenegro is pursuing its own membership in the World Trade Organization as well as negotiating a Stabilization and Association agreement with the European Union in anticipation of eventual membership. Severe unemployment remains a key political and economic problem for this entire region. Montenegro has privatized its large aluminum complex - the dominant industry - as well as most of its financial sector, and has begun to attract foreign direct investment in the tourism sector. |
| Electricity - consumption | 409.2 million kWh (1999) | 18.6 million kWh (2005) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Electricity - production | 440 million kWh (1999) | 2.864 billion kWh (2005 est.) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
- |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Bellevue de l'Inini 851 m |
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point: Bobotov Kuk 2,522 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to: Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ship Pollution |
| Ethnic groups | black or mulatto 66%, white 12%, East Indian, Chinese, Amerindian 12%, other 10% | Montenegrin 43%, Serbian 32%, Bosniak 8%, Albanian 5%, other (Muslims, Croats, Roma (Gypsy)) 12% |
| Exchange rates | Euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996) | euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8089 (2004), 0.886 (2003) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Dominique VIAN (since NA January 1997) head of government: President of the General Council Andre LECANTE (since NA March 1998); President of the Regional Council Antoine KARAM (since 22 March 1992) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; presidents of the General and Regional Councils are appointed by the members of those councils |
chief of state: President Filip VUJANOVIC (since 11 May 2003)
head of government: Prime Minister Milo DJUKANOVIC (since 29 February 2008) cabinet: Ministries act as cabinet elections: president elected by direct vote for five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 11 May 2003 (next to be held in 2008); prime minister proposed by president, accepted by Assembly election results: Filip VUJANOVIC elected on the third round; Filip VUJANOVIC 63.3%, Miodrag ZIVKOVIC 30.8% |
| Exports | $155 million (f.o.b., 1997) | $171.3 million (2003) |
| Exports - commodities | shrimp, timber, gold, rum, rosewood essence, clothing | - |
| Exports - partners | France 62%, Switzerland 7%, US 2% (1997) | Switzerland 83.9%, Italy 6.1%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.3% (2006) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | the flag of France is used | a red field bordered by a narrow golden-yellow stripe with the Montenegrin coat of arms centered |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $1 billion (1998 est.) | - |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $6,000 (1998 est.) | - |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | 6% (2007 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 4 00 N, 53 00 W | 42 30 N, 19 18 E |
| Geography - note | mostly an unsettled wilderness | strategic location along the Adriatic coast |
| Heliports | - | 1 (2007) |
| Highways | total:
1,817 km paved: 817 km unpaved: 1,000 km (1998) |
- |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
- |
| Illicit drugs | small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption; minor transshipment point to Europe | - |
| Imports | $625 million (c.i.f., 1997) | $601.7 million (2003) |
| Imports - commodities | food (grains, processed meat), machinery and transport equipment, fuels and chemicals | - |
| Imports - partners | France 52%, US 14%, Trinidad and Tobago 6% (1997) | Greece 10.2%, Italy 10.2%, Germany 9.6%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.2% (2006) |
| Independence | none (overseas department of France) | 3 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | - |
| Industries | construction, shrimp processing, forestry products, rum, gold mining | steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism |
| Infant mortality rate | 13.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | - |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 2.5% (1992) | 3.4% (2004) |
| International organization participation | FZ, WCL, WFTU | CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC, MIGA, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | - |
| Irrigated land | 20 sq km (1993 est.) | NA |
| Judicial branch | Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel (highest local court based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana) | Constitutional Court (five judges with nine-year terms); Supreme Court (judges have life tenure) |
| Labor force | 58,800 (1997) | 259,100 (2004) |
| Labor force - by occupation | services, government, and commerce 60.6%, industry 21.2%, agriculture 18.2% (1980) | agriculture: 2%
industry: 30% services: 68% (2004 est.) |
| Land boundaries | total:
1,183 km border countries: Brazil 673 km, Suriname 510 km |
total: 625 km
border countries: Albania 172 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 225 km, Croatia 25 km, Serbia 203 km |
| Land use | arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 90% other: 10% (1996 est.) |
arable land: 13.7%
permanent crops: 1% other: 85.3% |
| Languages | French | Serbian (official; Ijekavian dialect), Bosnian, Albanian, Croatian |
| Legal system | French legal system | based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council or Conseil Regional (31 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)
elections: General Council - last held NA March 2000 (next to be held NA 2006); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - PS 28.28%, various left parties 22.56%, RPR 15.91%, independents 8.6%, Walwari Committee 6%; seats by party - PS 11, various left parties 9, RPR 6, independents 3, Walwari Committee 2 note: one seat was elected to the French Senate on 27 September 1998 (next to be held NA September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; 2 seats were elected to the French National Assembly on 25 May - 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 1, PSG 1 |
unicameral Assembly (81 seats; members elected by direct vote for four-year terms; changed from 74 seats in 2006)
elections: last held 10 September 2006 (next to be held 2010) election results: percent of vote by party - Coalition for European Montenegro 47.7%, Serbian List 14.4%, Coalition SNP-NS-DSS 13.8%, PZP 12.9%, Liberals and Bosniaks 3.7%, other (including Albanian minority parties) 7.5%; seats by party - Coalition for European Montenegro 41, Serbian List 12, Coalition SNP/NS/DSS 11, PZP 11, Liberals and Bosniaks 3, Albanian minority parties 3 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
76.3 years male: 72.97 years female: 79.79 years (2001 est.) |
- |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 83% male: 84% female: 82% (1982 est.) |
- |
| Location | Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil and Suriname | Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia |
| Map references | South America | Europe |
| Maritime claims | exclusive economic zone:
200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
territorial sea: 12 nm
continental shelf: defined by treaty |
| Merchant marine | none (2000 est.) | total: 4 ships (1000 GRT or over) 9,458 GRT/10,172 DWT
by type: cargo 4 registered in other countries: 3 (Bahamas 2, St Vincent and The Grenadines 1) (2007) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of France | Montenegrin plans call for the establishment of a fully professional armed forces |
| Military branches | French Forces, Gendarmerie | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $NA | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | NA% | - |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49:
49,495 (2001 est.) |
- |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49:
32,052 (2001 est.) |
- |
| National holiday | Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) | National Day, 13 July (1878) |
| Nationality | noun:
French Guianese (singular and plural) adjective: French Guianese |
noun: Montenegrin(s)
adjective: Montenegrin |
| Natural hazards | high frequency of heavy showers and severe thunderstorms; flooding | destructive earthquakes |
| Natural resources | bauxite, timber, gold (widely scattered), cinnabar, kaolin, fish | bauxite, hydroelectricity |
| Net migration rate | 10.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | - |
| Political parties and leaders | Guianese Socialist Party or PSG [Antoine KARAM]; Guyana Democratic Forces or FDG [Georges OTHILY]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Roland HO-WEN-SZE]; Socialist Party or PS [Pierre RIBARDIERE] (may be a subset of PSG); Walwari Committee [Christine TAUBIRA-DELANON] | Albanian Alternative or AA [Vesel SINISHTAJ]; Coalition for European Montenegro or DPS-SDP (bloc) [Milo DUKANOVIC] (includes Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DUKANOVIC] and Social Democratic Party of SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]); Coalition SNP-NS-DSS (bloc) (includes Socialist People's Party or SNP [Srdjan MILIC], People's Party of Montenegro or NS [Predrag POPOVIC], and Democratic Serbian Party of Montenegro or DSS [Ranko KADIC]); Democratic League-Party of Democratic Prosperity or SPP [Mehmet BARHDI]; Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Ferhat DINOSA]; Liberals and the Bosniak Party (bloc) [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC] (includes Liberal Party of Montenegro or LP [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC] and Bosniak Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC]); Movement for Changes or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC]; Serbian List (bloc) [Andrija MANDIC] (includes Party of Serb Radicals or SSR [Dusko SEKULIC], People's Socialist Party or NSS [Emilo LABUDOVIC], and Serbian People's Party of Montenegro or SNS [Andrija MANDIC]) |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | - |
| Population | 177,562 (July 2001 est.) | 684,736 (July 2007 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | 7% (2007 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 2.74% (2001 est.) | -1% (2007 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Cayenne, Degrad des Cannes, Saint-Laurent du Maroni | - |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 2, FM 14 (including 6 repeaters), shortwave 6 (including 5 repeaters) (1998) | 31 (station types NA) (2004) |
| Radios | 104,000 (1997) | - |
| Railways | 0 km (1995) | total: 250 km
standard gauge: 250 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified 169 km) (2006) |
| Religions | Roman Catholic | Orthodox, Muslim, Roman Catholic |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.18 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female total population: 1.13 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
- |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
NA domestic: fair open wire and microwave radio relay system international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
general assessment: modern telecommunications system with access to European satellites
domestic: GSM wireless service, available through 2 providers with national coverage, is growing rapidly international: country code - 382; 2 international switches connect the national system |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 47,000 (1997) | 353,300 (2006) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | 821,800 (2006) |
| Television broadcast stations | 3 (plus eight low-power repeaters) (1997) | 13 (2004) |
| Terrain | low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small mountains | highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus |
| Total fertility rate | 3.17 children born/woman (2001 est.) | - |
| Unemployment rate | 21.4% (1998) | 14.7% (2007 est.) |
| Waterways | 3,300 km navigable by native craft
note: 460 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels and coastal and river steamers |
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